The kilogram is 1000 grams (g), and was first defined in 1795 as the mass of one cubic decimetre of water at the melting point of ice. The International System of Units (SI) unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). The kilogram is one of the seven SI base units. Repeated experiments since the 17th century have demonstrated that inertial and gravitational mass are identical since 1915, this observation has been incorporated a priori in the equivalence principle of general relativity. This is sometimes referred to as gravitational mass. If a first body of mass m A is placed at a distance r (center of mass to center of mass) from a second body of mass m B, each body is subject to an attractive force F g = Gm A m B/ r 2, where G = 6.67 ×10 −11 N⋅kg −2⋅m 2 is the "universal gravitational constant". A body's mass also determines the degree to which it generates and is affected by a gravitational field. According to Newton's second law of motion, if a body of fixed mass m is subjected to a single force F, its acceleration a is given by F/ m. The inertia and the inertial mass describe this property of physical bodies at the qualitative and quantitative level respectively. The mass of an object determines its acceleration in the presence of an applied force. Passive gravitational mass measures the gravitational force exerted on an object in a known gravitational field.Active gravitational mass determines the strength of the gravitational field generated by an object.Inertial mass measures an object's resistance to being accelerated by a force (represented by the relationship F = ma).Although some theorists have speculated that some of these phenomena could be independent of each other, current experiments have found no difference in results regardless of how it is measured: There are several distinct phenomena that can be used to measure mass. This is because weight is a force, while mass is the property that (along with gravity) determines the strength of this force. An object on the Moon would weigh less than it does on Earth because of the lower gravity, but it would still have the same mass. In physics, mass is not the same as weight, even though mass is often determined by measuring the object's weight using a spring scale, rather than balance scale comparing it directly with known masses. The SI base unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). The object's mass also determines the strength of its gravitational attraction to other bodies. Mass can be experimentally defined as a measure of the body's inertia, meaning the resistance to acceleration (change of velocity) when a net force is applied. Mass in modern physics has multiple definitions which are conceptually distinct, but physically equivalent. It was found that different atoms and different elementary particles, theoretically with the same amount of matter, have nonetheless different masses. It was traditionally believed to be related to the quantity of matter in a physical body, until the discovery of the atom and particle physics.
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